A Big Innovation on Cellular Network

 
Cellular Network

     On the area of coverage, the cellular site is there, and the shapes as hexagon. It is a cell in which the coverage by a transmitter and the receiver of mobile devices. With the cellular network, the area, where a fixed location transceiver, is called a cell. Distribution of local phones within a cell is a baseline. It usually collects signal from phone, and signals are data, calls with ranges of the frequency of cells that it does not bar to interfere with others. The collection of cells give out the idea to more communication devices connect each other like a cellphone that gives radio coverage  with fixed transceivers.

Mathematics example (From LinkedIn Slide)

Time-Division Multiple Access

   In TDMA, transmission and receiving intervals of time used by different users in each cell are different from each other.

Frequency-division multiple access

   In FDMA, the transmission and acceptance of frequencies used by different users in each cell differ from each other. In a simple taxi system, tune the frequency driver of the selected cell manually to get a strong signal and prevent interference from signals from other cells.

Code-division multiple access

   The CDMA principle is more complex, but it gives the same results. The shared radio can select a cell and listen to it.

Phone Wireless Technology

0G

    It is decided as a pre-cellular system (or zero generation, that is, mobile 0G).

1G

   These are analog telecommunications standards introduced from 1979 to the mid-1980s and are being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. The main difference between the two mobile telephony systems (1G and 2G) is that the digital 2G is digital, while the radio signals used in the 1G networks are similar.

2G

   A simple text-based message from the Short Message Service (SMS). 2G technology allows different mobile phone networks to provide services such as text messages, picture messages and MMS (multimedia messaging service).

   2.5G shows a 2G system that implements a domain that opens packets outside the domain that changes the circuit.

    2.75G

   The GPRS network has been transformed into an EDGE network with the introduction of 8PSK coding.

3G

     3G technology provides an information transfer rate of at least 200 kilobits per second.

3.5G is a group of disparate cell phones and data technologies designed to deliver better performance than 3G systems as an interim step towards full 4G capacity deployment. The technology is as follows.

   High speed access downlink packet

   3GPP long-term evolution, predecessor to LTE Advanced

   HSPA has evolved

   
   3.75G

   Access to evolved high-speed packets, HSPA +, HSPA (Plus), or HSPAP is the technology standard for wireless broadband communications. This is the second phase of access to high speed packets (HSPA).

4G

  4G provides access to mobile broadband Internet for laptops, smartphones and other mobile devices, for example with wireless modems.

   LTE, also commonly referred to as 3.95G, has become synonymous with 4G, given the competitive pressure of WiMax and its evolution with new advanced releases.

 4.5G offers better performance than 4G systems. 

5G

   5G is a generation currently under development. This means the next important step in mobile communications standards, beyond the current 4G / IMT-Advanced standards.

   The NGMN Alliance or Next-Generation Mobile Network Alliance defines the 5G network requirements as follows.

   Data rates of tens of thousands of Mbps must be compatible with tens of thousands of users.

One Gbit / s is simultaneously provided to dozens of workers on the same floor of the office.

Conclusion

1G • Frequency: 150MHz / 900MHz • Bandwidth: Analog telecommunication (30KHz) • Characteristic: First wireless communication • Technology: Analog cellular • Capacity (data rate): 2kbps • From 1980 to 1990 • Bad voice quality • Poor battery, cellphones • Big cellphones • Better than nothing, at least its wireless and mobile

2G • Frequency: 1.8GHz (900MHz), digital telecommunication • Bandwidth: 900MHz (25MHz) • Characteristic: Digital • Technology: Digital cellular, GSM • Capacity (data rate): 64kbps • Why better than 1G? • From 1991 to 2000 • Allows txt msg service • Signal must be strong or else weak digital signal • 2.5G – 2G cellular technology with GPRS – E-Mails – Web browsing – Camera phones

3G • Frequency: 1.6 – 2.0 GHz • Bandwidth: 100MHz • Characteristic: Digital broadband, increased speed • Technology: CDMA, UMTS, EDGE • Capacity (data rate): 144kbps – 2Mbps • Why better than 2G? • From 2000 to 2010 • Called smartphones • Video calls • Fast communication • Mobil TV • 3G phones rather expensive

4G • Frequency: 2 – 8 GHz • Bandwidth: 100MHz • Characteristic: High speed, all IP • Technology: LTE, WiFi • Capacity (data rate): 100Mbps – 1Gbps • Why better than 3G ? • From 2010 to today (2020?) • MAGIC – Mobile multimedia – Anytime, anywhere – Global mobile support – Integrated wireless solutions – Customized personal service • Good QoS + high security • Bigger battery usage
5G • https://5g.co.uk/guides /5g-frequencies-in-theuk-what-you-need-toknow/ • Capacity (data rate): 1Gbps – ULIMITED? • Why better than 4G? • From X (2020?) to Y (2030?) • High speed and capacity • Faster datatrasmission than 4G • Supports – Interactive multimedia – Voice streaming – Buckle up.. Internett • More efficient
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